What is the working principle of multi-stage centrifugal pump balance disc

Category: Water pump knowledge

2024-05-05

The working principle of the balance disc of the multi-stage centrifugal pump is to automatically adjust the balance disc, so that the centrifugal pump can maintain stable operation when rotating at high speed, and reduce vibration and noise caused by unbalanced centrifugal force. This principle plays an important role in the design and manufacture of centrifugal pumps, ensuring the reliability and long-term stable operation of centrifugal pumps. The balance disc can automatically balance the axial force because the two gaps (radial gap and axial gap) of the balance disc complement each other. The balance disc relies on leakage to generate pressure difference to change the balance force. Without leakage, the axial force cannot be achieved. The working process of the balance disc is a process of motion balance.

多级离心泵平衡盘工作原理是什么

The working principle of the balance disc of the multi-stage centrifugal pump is mainly to use the pressure and speed changes generated by the liquid in the pump under the high-speed rotation of the impeller, and the pressure difference on both sides of the balance disc to offset the axial force of the rotor. Specifically, the balance disc device is composed of a balance plate and a balance disc, and is located behind the last stage impeller of the multistage pump. The liquid with pressure from the last stage impeller flows into the water chamber between the balance plate and the balance plate through the radial gap between the balance plate and the balance plate, so that the water chamber is in a high pressure state. There is a balance tube behind the balance plate connected to the inlet of the pump, and its pressure is close to the inlet pressure. In this way, the pressure on both sides of the balance disc is not equal, resulting in a backward axial balance force, which is opposite to the axial thrust of the impeller, thereby automatically balancing the axial thrust of the impeller.

When the axial thrust of the impeller is greater than the balance force of the balance disc, the pump rotor will move to the inlet side. Due to the effect of inertia, this movement will not immediately stop at the balance position, but will exceed the specified value, causing an excessive reduction in the axial clearance of the balance disc, resulting in a reduction in leakage, and an increase in the pressure in the front cavity of the balance disc. The balance force on the disc increases until it exceeds the axial thrust of the impeller and pulls the rotor to the outlet side. This process is automatic. When the pump is working, the rotor always moves axially in a certain equilibrium position, but the amount of movement is very small, which is difficult to see from the appearance.

The balance disc is located on both sides of the impeller of the pump and is connected to the impeller. When the pump is working, the balance disc is affected by the centrifugal force generated by the impeller and rotates at high speed. The axial position of the balancing disc can be adjusted according to the centrifugal force of the impeller. The axial movement of the balance disc is realized by the regulator, which can control the position of the balance disc according to the working condition of the centrifugal pump.

Multistage centrifugal pump balance plate working principle is an important mechanism to ensure the stable operation of the centrifugal pump, centrifugal pump in high-speed rotation, due to the centrifugal force of the impeller, will produce large centrifugal force and vibration force, if not take measures to balance, will lead to excessive vibration of the pump mechanism, so that the service life of the pump is shortened, and may even lead to equipment failure. Therefore, the design engineer introduced the balance plate to solve this problem.

The working principle of the balance disc is to use the principle of centrifugal force balance. When the centrifugal force generated by the impeller of the centrifugal pump is large, the balance plate will automatically move upward to reduce the unbalanced force of the impeller. On the contrary, when the centrifugal force is small, the balance disc will automatically move downward to increase the unbalanced force of the impeller, thereby achieving the balance of the centrifugal pump. In this way, by constantly adjusting the position of the balance plate, the centrifugal force of the impeller can be balanced in a small range, thereby effectively reducing the vibration force and noise of the pump.

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