The working process and working principle of centrifugal pump

Category: Water pump knowledge

2024-05-24

Centrifugal pump at work, relying on high-speed rotation of the impeller, the liquid in the inertial centrifugal force to obtain energy to increase the pressure. Before the centrifugal pump works, the pump body and the inlet pipeline must be filled with liquid medium to prevent cavitation.

 

离心泵的工作过程，工作原理

 

When the impeller rotates quickly, the blade promotes the medium to rotate quickly, and the rotating medium flies out of the impeller under the action of centrifugal force. After the water in the pump is thrown out, the central part of the impeller forms a vacuum area. One side is constantly inhaling the liquid, and one side is constantly giving the inhaled liquid a certain amount of energy to discharge the liquid. The centrifugal pump works continuously.

Before starting the pump, fill the pump with the liquid to be transported.

After the pump is started, the pump shaft drives the impeller to rotate at high speed to generate centrifugal force. Under this action, the liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the periphery of the impeller, the pressure increases, and flows into the pump casing at a high speed (15~25 m/s).

In the volute-shaped pump casing, due to the continuous expansion of the flow channel, the flow rate of the liquid slows down, so that most of the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. Finally, the liquid flows from the discharge port into the discharge pipe at a higher static pressure.

After the liquid in the pump is thrown, the center of the impeller forms a vacuum. Under the pressure difference between the liquid surface pressure (atmospheric pressure) and the pressure in the pump (negative pressure), the liquid enters the pump through the suction pipeline and fills the position of the excluded liquid.

Centrifugal pump products are generally divided according to their structural characteristics, there are a variety of ways to divide, including according to the working pressure, according to the number of working impeller, according to the impeller water way and other classification.

1. Press the position of the pump shaft

Horizontal pump: the pump shaft is in a horizontal position.

Vertical pump: pump shaft in vertical position.

2. According to the number of working impeller

Single-stage pump: that is, there is only one impeller on the pump shaft.

Multi-stage pump: that is, there are two or more impellers on the pump shaft, and the total head of the pump is the sum of the head generated by the n impellers.

3. According to the impeller water inlet mode

Unilateral inlet pump: also called single suction pump, that is, there is only one water inlet on the impeller.

Double side inlet pump: also called double suction pump, that is, there is a water inlet on both sides of the impeller. Its flow rate is twice as large as that of a single-suction pump, which can be approximated as two single-suction pump impellers put together back to back.

4. According to the working pressure

Low pressure pump: pressure below 100 meters water column;

Medium pressure pump: the pressure is between 100 and 650 meters of water column;

High pressure pump: pressure higher than 650 meters water column.

5. According to the joint joint form of pump casing

Horizontal medium-open pump: that is, a joint seam is opened on the horizontal plane passing through the axis line.

Vertical joint surface pump: that is, the joint surface is perpendicular to the axis line.

6. According to the way that the water from the impeller is led to the press-out chamber

Volute pump: After the water comes out of the impeller, it directly enters the pump housing with a spiral shape.

Guide vane pump: After the water comes out of the impeller, it enters the guide vane set outside it, and then enters the next stage or flows into the outlet pipe.

7. According to the different ways of conveying medium by centrifugal pump

It is divided into clean water pump, oil pump, corrosion resistant pump, etc.

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