Working principle and structure of multistage pumps in the petrochemical industry

Category: Water pump knowledge

2025-08-08

Multistage pumps are crucial fluid transfer equipment in the petrochemical industry. Their primary operating principle and structural characteristics are outlined below.

I. Operating Principle

The operating principle of a multistage pump is based on the fundamental theory of centrifugal pumps. When the pump starts, the impeller rotates rapidly, generating centrifugal force that throws the liquid out at a certain speed and pressure, forming a continuous liquid flow. The unique feature of a multistage pump is that it has multiple impellers; each impeller generates a certain amount of pressure, gradually increasing the pressure of the liquid. Therefore, a multistage pump can increase the pressure of the transported liquid by increasing the number of impellers, building upon the capabilities of a single-stage pump. This continuous pressure increase makes it an ideal choice for transporting high-pressure fluids over long distances.

II. Structural Characteristics

The structure of a multistage pump is relatively complex, mainly consisting of the following parts:

1. Impeller: The number of impellers determines the pump's pressure-boosting capacity. Each impeller consists of a hub and blades; the shape and angle of the blades significantly impact the pump's efficiency and performance.

2. Pump Casing: The pump casing's internal design includes guide vanes and flow channels to guide the liquid flow and allow it to gain kinetic energy. The pump casing also supports the impeller and converts energy.

3. Shaft and Bearings: The shaft connects the various impellers and is supported by bearings to ensure stable pump operation.

4. Sealing Device: The sealing performance of a multistage pump is crucial; it typically uses mechanical seals or packing seals to prevent liquid leakage.

5. Inlet and Outlet Sections: The inlet and outlet sections are the channels through which the liquid enters and exits; they are designed with reasonable inlet and outlet ports to ensure smooth liquid flow.

6. Other Accessories: These include balance disks, balance pipes, axial thrust balancing devices, etc., used to balance the pump's axial thrust and ensure stable operation.

In summary, through its unique multistage pressure-boosting structure and design, the multistage pump meets the needs of high-pressure, high-flow fluid transport in the petrochemical industry. Its efficient, stable, and reliable performance makes it an indispensable piece of key equipment in the petrochemical industry. However, the complex structure of multistage pumps makes their design and manufacture challenging, requiring specialized technology and experience.

The above is an introduction to the operating principle and structural characteristics of multistage pumps in the petrochemical industry. I hope this helps.

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